Tuesday, October 24, 2006

Cailler: il fiasco e la retromarcia di Nestlé

 23 ottobre 2006 - 15.41
Nelly Wenger all'epoca della presentazione delle nuove confezioni

Nelly Wenger all'epoca della presentazione delle nuove confezioni (Keystone)

 

Nel corso del prossimo anno, Nestlé, il più grande gruppo alimentare al mondo, intende reintrodurre l'imballaggio originale di una popolare marca di cioccolato, recentemente modernizzato.

Il presunto "rilancio" del marchio Cailler ha infatti causato il crollo delle vendite e numerose critiche da parte dei consumatori, dei rivenditori e dei gruppi ambientalisti.

 

Secondo le speculazioni della stampa domenicale, l'affare potrebbe costare l'impiego a Nelly Wenger, attuale responsabile di Nestlé Svizzera. Al proposito la multinazionale rifiuta ogni commento. Viene tuttavia confermata la nuova strategia riguardo Cailler.

Nelly Wenger aveva attribuito al famoso architetto Jean Nouvel l'incarico di definire un imballaggio moderno per Cailler, uno dei nomi più tradizionali del cioccolato svizzero. Dopo il lancio delle nuove confezioni, avvenuto in febbraio, le critiche non si erano fatte attendere.

Le associazioni dei consumatori avevano puntato il dito contro i materiali utilizzati per gli imballaggi, contenenti un'alta proporzione di plastica PET non riciclabile. La catena di distribuzione Denner aveva da parte sua escluso i prodotti Cailler dai suoi scaffali a causa dell'aumento dei prezzi dopo il rilancio.

Tra metà agosto e metà settembre, le vendite del cioccolato Cailler si sono dimezzate rispetto al 2005. La società ha quindi deciso di fare retromarcia. Secondo il settimanale domenicale Sonntagszeitung, il presidente e direttore esecutivo di Nestlé Peter Brabeck avrebbe esplicitamente richiesto che, in futuro, tutte le decisioni riguardanti il rilancio di un prodotto passino dalla sua scrivania.

 

Problema locale

 

René Weber, analista presso la Banca Vontobel, dice a swissinfo che il fiasco ha causato dei problemi di immagine pubblica in Svizzera ma non danneggerà i risultati internazionali di Nestlé.

"L'impatto negativo in Svizzera è dovuto al fatto che la gente non riesce a comprendere come una società dell'importanza di Nestlé possa commettere degli errori del genere", ha aggiunto.

"Ma a livello internazionale si tratta di un non evento. La Svizzera rappresenta infatti circa l'1% delle vendite del gruppo alimentare, e soltanto il 15% di queste vendite riguardano il cioccolato", aggiunge Weber precisando che "tutte le compagnie sono costrette ad innovare, ma ogni tanto le cose vanno male".

Secondo l'analista, i margini di Nestlé per quel che riguarda il cioccolato in generale sono inferiori a quelli della concorrenza, ciò che ha già causato una ristrutturazione significativa della strategia sul mercato inglese.

Settimana scorsa, la Nestlé ha annunciato un incremento del 9.1% delle vendite nei primi nove mesi dell'anno, che hanno raggiunto i 72 miliardi di franchi.

swissinfo

 

http://www.swissinfo.org/ita/prima_pagina/detail/Cailler_il_fiasco_e_la_retromarcia_di_Nestle.html?siteSect=105&sid=7188288&cKey=1161622123000

 

Thursday, September 21, 2006

Wall' to protect red squirrels

 
Red squirrel
Control officers are to be appointed to protect red squirrels
An imaginary "Hadrian's Wall" is to be set up to stop infected grey squirrels crossing the border into Scotland and wiping out their red cousins.

Two officers are to be appointed with orders to control the greys by shooting them if they invade reds' territory.

The Southern Uplands Partnership has advertised for the officers in the Borders and Dumfries and Galloway.

Recent research said the reds risked being killed off within 10 years by the virus-carrying greys.

Scotland is the home to more than 75% of the UK's 160,000 red squirrel population and the border crossing is seen as a strategic defensive point.

 
 

Elly Hamilton, the Borders-based red squirrel conservation officer, said that the threat to the Scottish populations was "very serious".

"It is only a matter of time before the greys pass this virus over to the Scottish reds and this may eventually prove fatal to red squirrel populations," she said.

"This is a very serious threat.

"The plan is to create an imaginary Hadrian's Wall to stop the greys getting into the reds' area because we have not had a case yet.

"It is vital we control the grey population to stop them coming over from Cumbria."

The officers will also be involved in research into the pox virus which appears not to harm greys but is fatal to reds.

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/south_of_scotland/5364646.stm

Thursday, September 14, 2006

Mugged MP upset by crime comments


Press Association
Wednesday September 13, 2006 6:18 AM

A Tory MP mugged for more than £5,000 worth of watches has slammed Italian authorities for their handling of street crime, saying comments by the mayor of Naples were "pathetic".

Lawyer David Jones, 54, and his nurse wife Sara, 49, had two Rolex timepieces ripped from their wrists as they walked along a busy street while on holiday.

Neither Mr Jones, Conservative MP for Clwyd West in Wales, or his wife were injured, although both were left shocked.

The couple were targeted as they walked along Via Toledo - the equivalent of London's Oxford Street - in the centre of the southern port of Naples. They were visiting the port during a week-long break on the Amalfi Coast.

As he recovered at his hotel on the island of Capri, Mr Jones heard Naples mayor Rosa Russo Iervolino say: "I've been mugged abroad twice in Brussels and Strasbourg. It can happen anywhere."

Mr Jones stormed: "That's a pathetic thing to say. I can't believe the mayor of Naples would say such a thing. We were victims of a third world crime in a first world city.

"I know Naples and I know its reputation. You just don't expect this sort of thing to happen in a European city in the 21st Century and I wholeheartedly disagree with her attitude.

"What she said and what happened to us are a sad commentary of the state of safety in Naples - it's such a shame that the mayor of Naples has no control over her city.

"It's a shame that a city such as Naples is spoilt by uncontrollable crime - the mayor wants to take a look at the fact that a visitor cannot walk safely down a street wearing a decent watch."

Socialist mayor Iervolino was in Rome on official business and a spokeswoman said: "The mayor stands by what she said - she was mugged abroad twice with her daughter."

© Copyright Press Association Ltd 2006, All Rights Reserved.





http://www.guardian.co.uk/uklatest/story/0,,-6076538,00.html

Tuesday, July 25, 2006

National flags ban to be lifted

Outdated laws banning the flying of national flags are to be scrapped.

Currently it is illegal to fly a national flag without permission from a local council - unless it is flown from a vertical flagpole.

The rule means thousands of football fans were technically breaking the law during the World Cup by displaying the Cross of St George.

Ministers say it will be scrapped in a planning shake-up that will also see a clampdown on illegal roadside ads.

Housing and planning minister Yvette Cooper urged councils to take a tough stance against those who try to get around planning rules by putting unauthorised adverts in fields by the side of motorways and major roads.

She also called on councils to work closely with the Highways Agency to ensure roadside advertising is appropriate to the landscape and does not pose a hazard to those using the roads.

'Unsightly ads'

She wants to build a database of persistent offenders to help local authorities mount prosecutions.

"Too many of our motorways are now strewn with illegal trailer adverts, which cause hazards for drivers and are unsightly too," said Ms Cooper.

"Just because the ads are parked on trailers doesn't mean they should be able to dodge proper planning and safety rules."

There will be an eight week consultation period with the new regulation expected to come into force in April 2007.

The database of illegal advertising offenders will launch later in the year.

The Campaign to Protect Rural England, which has been campaigning for months to rid the countryside of advertising, welcomed the initiative.

"We also believe that these measures will only work if the database includes information on sites as well as companies so that local authorities can take enforcement action more quickly," a spokesman said.

'Ridiculous laws'

The rule changes will allow national flags to be flown without permission however they are displayed. It will also apply to international flags, such as the EU, UN or commonwealth flags.

"The regulations on flags are currently woefully out-of-date and far too bureaucratic," said Ms Cooper. "It is ridiculous that someone could be prosecuted for displaying their national flag."

She added: "As the World Cup demonstrated, many people want to show their support for their national team and they should be able to do so without fear of prosecution."

A Peterborough family fell foul of the regulations during the World Cup when they were threatened with prosecution for flying the cross of St George outside their home.

But a compromise was reached when the city council said the flags could be flown but only on special occasions.

The council had claimed that a single vertical pole would have been fine but because two St George flags were flown at an angle to the house they were classed as advertising.

Thursday, April 13, 2006

End of the line for the godfather

And Italy's top Mafia boss is arrested in Sicily

By Peter Popham in Rome

Published: 12 April 2006

He had not been heard from since he was seen guiding his ancient mum into a polling booth and instructing her audibly to "put a cross on the symbol for Forza Italia". In the wake of this tightest, most nail-biting of Italian elections, Silvio Berlusconi, the man of torrential eloquence, had dried up. The nation's journalists spent the best part of yesterday waiting for the gusher to resume.

Finally, after 48 hours of silence and seven hours later than first announced, he took to the stage in his 16th-century Roman headquarters, all gilt rococo cupids, and told the press that as far as he was concerned the election had been won by nobody.

"We do not believe," he said at a press conference repeatedly postponed during the day, "that today, as things stand, anyone can claim to have won." Why not? It was not just that the voting was very close. The results, he claimed, displayed "many, many murky aspects". The man they call the Cavalier was not going quietly.

It was the crowning tragi-comic moment of a historic day in which Italy finally got a new government. By now, after such twists and turns, he was an isolated figure as the congratulations rained in on the winner, Romano Prodi.

And the fact that an era was passing was underlined by the stunning news, just seven minutes after Mr Berlusconi's defeat became certain, that the most wanted mafioso in Sicily, the man from Corleone who has been capo di capi for 13 years and on the run for 30 more than that, had been arrested.

A political vacuum had opened up: Berlusconi, long tainted by his Mafia links, was on his way; and suddenly the biggest mobster of the lot was in the bag. Italy does not lose its capacity to amaze.

The day in fact began in the middle of the previous night. With provisional results pointing to a slim centre-left victory, Romano Prodi and his allies stood up and with most un-Prodi-like boldness seized the initiative.

Their supporters had waited five years for some good news: the Italian left were not going to let a little thing like a tied Senate and a whisker-thin advantage in the Chamber of Deputies poop their party. The big bash in Piazza del Popolo planned for yesterday evening had been canned as the good news curdled and Italy's general election grew ever tighter. But at 2.30 on a chilly morning, with a cutting scirocco wind coursing through Rome's cobbled lanes, the road outside Romano Prodi's campaign headquarters in Piazza Santi Apostoli, solid with Prodi supporters, exploded with joy as their leader took the stage and announced that the coalition had won.

But the words were hardly out of his mouth when Paolo Bonaiuti, Mr Berlusconi's spokesman, told reporters a few hundred yards away that Mr Berlusconi's centre-right coalition, the House of Liberties, was contesting the left's victory because "we have won the Senate". As the morning wore on, Mr Bonaiuti was proved wrong. The last Senate seats to be accounted for were the six given, for the first time, to expatriates, and although the idea of giving Italians abroad the vote was dreamt up by Mr Berlusconi's government in the belief that it would work to the right's advantage, four out of the six went to the centre-left. By the slimmest margin, 158 Senate seats to 156, the centre-left had scraped home.

It was at 11.21am that the centre-left coalition announced their success in the Senate - not a definitive result, but solid enough to go on. And then a very bizarre thing happened: out of the proverbial clear blue sky came the news that the most important living mafioso, Bernardo Provenzano, had been caught outside his home town of Corleone in western Sicily.

It was the strangest coincidence. The Mafia is a subject on which Mr Berlusconi has never spoken. On this subject, so close to the concerns of many millions of Italians, he has had nothing at all to say. And now, in the moment when Mr Berlusconi had fallen from grace, this bombshell. "It was the end of a season, the end of an era," remarked a journalist in Rome.

Back in Rome, as the wait for Mr Berlusconi's press conference got under way, the left and its supporters began ruminating on the close result. In the Chamber of Deputies, thanks to the premium given to the winning group, the majority is of 63 seats. It is in the Senate that Mr Prodi's problems lurk, because all legislation in Italy must be passed twice by both houses. Mr Prodi attempted to soothe fears, declaring that his government was "politically and technically strong", and would govern for five years. It would be a government for all Italians, he insisted, "including those who didn't vote for us."

For his part, Mr Berlusconi has difficulty accepting that the campaign is really over. At his press conference, after floating the idea of a recount, he thought of something else. How about a grand coalition? "I think that we maybe need to take the example of another European country, perhaps like Germany, to see if there is not a case for unifying our forces and governing in agreement," he suggested. People of good sense," he went on, "must think of a government in the interests of all, not one which ranges one half of the country against the other." Somebody will have to break it to him gently: he's out of power.

A Europhile most at home in the countryside of Bologna

Only rarely, while European Commission president, did Romano Prodi share a platform with his compatriot and rival Silvio Berlusconi - and only once did he seem to enjoy himself.

Mr Berlusconi, then Italian Prime Minister, had just committed a political gaffe by describing Western civilisation as superior to Islam. At a press conference in Brussels, Mr Prodi looked on in silence while an aggressive European press corps laid into Mr Berlusconi. As an irritable Italian premier dug himself deeper into a hole, the faintest ghost of a smile was seen on the face of the European Commission president.

The episode highlighted the contrast between Mr Berlusconi, the erratic, loud-mouthed, flashy media magnate, and Mr Prodi, the solid, cautious economics professor from Bologna.

When in office as European Commission president between 1999 and 2004, the nickname he liked was the Diesel. He saw himself as someone who, through methodical hard work, delivered decent results.

His minders debated how to improve Mr Prodi's communication skills, persuading him to give up speaking in English or French. Unfortunately compatriots said he did not sound that much better in Italian.

Mr Prodi, who studied at LSE, Harvard and Stanford, was born in 1939, number eight of nine brothers and sisters. Seven of his siblings went on to be university lecturers. This academic background counted in his favour during his first stint as Italian Prime Minister, when he was seen as the antidote to his corrupt professional political rivals. But in ultra-political Brussels he was criticised by the (non-Italian) media for his lack of charisma and failure to get a grip on the bureaucratic machine.

He is a committed European, but while in Brussels his main focus always seemed to be Italy. Whenever possible he quit the Belgian capital for his base in provincial Bologna, enjoying the countryside on his mountain bike. Terra e Vita, a weekly for Italian farmers, is his favourite magazine. And he once complained that, while he could tell an Italian's background and politics from a brief conversation, it was impossible to perform the same trick in multinational Brussels.

The job of Italian Prime Minister was the one he wanted. Now that he seems to have won it back, at the head of an extraordinarily broad and cumbersome coalition, the real hard work is set to begin.

Friday, March 17, 2006

Italy follows Argentina down the same road to ruin

Italy follows Argentina down the same road to ruin
>By Desmond Lachman
>Published: March 17 2006 02:00 | Last updated: March 17 2006 02:00

>>

An irony of Italy's unfolding political and economic drama is that many of the current holders of the country's bloated and ever-increasing government debt were once proud holders of Argentina's now-defaulted sovereign bonds. As Mario Draghi, Italy's new central bank governor, warns that the Italian economy has "run aground", and as prime minister Silvio Berlusconi vents about "the euro having been a disaster for Italy" in the run-up to next month's election, one has to wonder at what stage Italy's bondholders will get the feeling that they have been to this sad movie before.

For quite aside from Italy's disturbing political and institutional weaknesses - as exemplified by the current fractious and polemical election campaign and by yet another big banking scandal that further besmirches the Italian financial system's reputation - the country's economic predicament is remarkably similar to that of Argentina in the late 1990s. Mr Draghi himself implicitly recognises this similarity when he asserts that Italy must improve its productivity performance if it is to have any hope of reversing the country's relative decline.

The most striking similarity between the two countries is the rigid currency arrangements in which they locked themselves. As a reaction to its mid-1980s experience with hyperinflation, Argentina in 1991 nailed its currency to the convertibility plan cross. It did so in the hope of forcing on the country the low inflation and fiscal policy discipline that it had never before enjoyed.

In a similar effort to impose macro-economic discipline, Italy abandoned the lira for the euro in 1999. It was hoped that high inflation and periodic lira devaluations would give way to fiscal discipline and structural reform. By abandoning its currency, Italy, like Argentina before it, gave up macroeconomic policy flexibility to stabilise its economy. Italy can no longer engage in periodic exchange rate devaluations to rectify losses in international competitiveness. And no longer having its own monetary policy, it has to accept the interest rates set by the European Central Bank even though these might not necessarily conform to Italy's circumstances. When Jean-Claude Trichet, the ECB president, recently tightened European monetary policy because of high oil prices, did he give much weight to Italy's cyclical weakness?

If this is not bad enough, under Europe's fiscal stability pact, Italy is committed to strengthening its public finances at a time of cyclical weakness. Like Argentina in the 1990s, Italy's public finances are in a real mess. With a public debt to gross domestic product ratio in excess of 105 per cent, Italy is the most indebted of the big European countries. With a budget deficit of about 4 per cent of GDP, it is in clear violation of the Maastricht criteria.

More disturbing still is Italy's lack of international competitiveness. Over the past five years, Italy has lost around 15 percentage points of competitiveness to Germany as wage increases in Italy were not matched by productivity gains. Italy's failure to modernise its industries and to move up the technological ladder has also left it exposed to the full winds of Chinese competition in an increasingly globalised economy.

Italy's loss of macroeconomic policy instruments would not be of such great moment if its economy were booming. But over the past three quarters, the Italian economy has for all intents and purposes been in recession. Under the weight of high international oil prices, this recession is only likely to deepen.

As was the case for Argentina, the only way out for Italy is to restore competitiveness through far-reaching structural reforms, especially in the labour market. However, if the present election campaign is any indication, one needs to ask how much more likely are such painful reforms in Italy today than they were in Argentina under Carlos Menem. One also needs to remember how difficult it will be for Italy to regain competitiveness in a very low inflation environment.

In the absence of real reform, the most likely scenario for Italy will be a prolonged period of economic stagnation, if not recession, and an ever increasing public debt. This will likely lead the rating agencies to again lower their Italian outlook and force the ECB to periodically bail Italy out, notwithstanding the Bank's "no bail out" clause. However, in the same way that Argentina made the mistake of forever counting on International Monetary Fund goodwill to paper over its economy's weaknesses, Italy will be making a grave error if it postpones painful market reforms and relies instead on the indefinite indulgence of the ECB.

The writer is resident fellow at the American Enterprise Institute

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Find this article at:
http://news.ft.com/cms/s/64bf31a0-b55a-11da-aa90-0000779e2340,s01=1.html

Thursday, March 16, 2006

New Labour must recognise that Berlusconi is the devil

Blair's friend and ally lies in direct line of descent from Mussolini and poses a toxic threat to democracy

Martin Jacques
Thursday March 16, 2006

Guardian

We should not be surprised that New Labour has become embroiled in a scandal that involves Silvio Berlusconi. There is something entirely predictable about it. Tony Blair was perfectly happy to embrace Berlusconi, together with the former Spanish prime minister José Maria Aznar as an ally at the time of the breach between Europe and the US in the months prior to the Anglo-American invasion of Iraq. He has seen Berlusconi as a valuable ally in pursuit of his pro-Bush foreign policy. In fact, he has consistently been closer to Berlusconi than to centre-left leaders such as the former German chancellor Gerhard Schröder. This sense of affinity has even acquired a personal and family dimension, with the Blairs accepting Berlusconi's hospitality and taking their vacations with the Italian leader at his holiday home.

Blair clearly feels a political and personal rapport with Berlusconi. And this has set the tone for New Labour: Berlusconi is regarded as a man to do business with. This is deeply disturbing. How can New Labour regard Berlusconi in such a light? How can it fail to see and reflect upon the malign influence that he has had on Italian democracy? And what does the silence on such matters and warm embrace of the Italian leader tell us about New Labour itself?

Berlusconi is the most dangerous political phenomenon in Europe. He represents the most serious threat to democracy in western Europe since 1945. It might be argued that the far right as represented by such openly racist and xenophobic figures as Jean-Marie Le Pen and Jörg Haider poses a more serious danger, but such figures remain relative outsiders in the European political scene. Berlusconi does not. During his two spells as prime minister there has been a very serious erosion of the quality of Italian democracy and the tone of public life.

Democracy depends upon the separation of political, economic, cultural and judicial power. Berlusconi's ownership of the major television channels - and his control of the state-owned network, Rai, during his premiership - together with his willingness to use this media power for his own naked political ambitions, has undermined democracy. Further, he has changed the laws of the land at will - using his majority in parliament - to protect his personal interests and save himself from the courts.

The connection between Berlusconi and Italian fascism is not difficult to decipher. There has always been a predictable tendency to expect fascism to recur in its old forms; but that has never been the main danger. What we should fear is the reappearance of fascism in a new guise, reflecting the new global, economic and cultural conditions of the time, while at the same time drawing on national traditions. Berlusconi is precisely such a figure. He treats democracy with contempt: at each turn he seeks to undermine, distort and abuse it. He has no respect for the independent pillars of authority - prepared to accuse the judges of being stooges of the opposition and describe them as "communists".

By his indiscriminate assaults on anyone who stands in the way of his personal rule and enrichment, he has poisoned Italian public life. He lies in direct line of descent from Mussolini. The failure of New Labour to recognise this - worse, to befriend him, to regard him as some kind of ally, to accept his largesse and hospitality - cannot be dismissed as an oversight. It calls into question New Labour's - and the prime minister's - world-view and political judgment.

Tessa Jowell is not a political innocent. She is a leading member of the cabinet. She has been assiduously working her way up the New Labour ladder for many years. She has long been a Blairite, enjoying a relationship of trust with the prime minister. She has faithfully reflected his views in regarding Berlusconi as a politically sympathetic figure with whom New Labour, and its leading families, could do business. She may or may not have known the intimate details of her husband's financial affairs but she surely knew that he had acted for Berlusconi, helped him to avoid taxes, and assisted him in his efforts to resist the judiciary. And, no doubt, Jowell saw nothing wrong in this. After all, Berlusconi had the blessing of her prime minister - he was, broadly speaking, "on our side".

But Berlusconi is a dangerous man to become entrapped with. He deals in the dark sides of Italian political life. His party, Forza Italia, worked tirelessly to ensure that it inherited the mafia vote from the corpse of the Christian Democrats. His financial tentacles have abused and disfigured Italian political life. He regards the law to be malleable, negotiable and corruptible. He who sups with the devil should expect to reap the consequences. The problem is that Blair and New Labour have never recognised that Berlusconi is the devil. Instead they have seen him as a friend and ally. They have never recognised, or at least sufficiently cared about, the toxic threat he poses to Italian or European democracy.

There are two main reasons for this. First, he is seen as a global soulmate of Bush and Blair. Second, some of the values he represents - money, celebrity and power - are ones that Blair himself aspires to and admires. New Labour shares certain characteristics with Berlusconi, notably an indiscriminate worship of business and moneymaking, a belief in the power of the media, and a contempt for the left. We are witnessing a slow degradation of European democracy, of which Berlusconi is the most extreme and pernicious expression but of which New Labour, in a much milder form, is part-cause and part-consequence.

As the Italian legal process winds its way slowly through the evidence, no doubt more revelations will come to light. Whatever David Mills has done or not done cannot be regarded as the responsibility of Jowell, Blair or New Labour. But the fact that New Labour has been prepared to embrace such an insidious political influence undoubtedly helped to persuade Mills that Berlusconi was an acceptable client and Jowell that there was nothing untoward in her husband dealing with such a man and playing such an intimate role in his affairs. For that the prime minister must take the main responsibility. Just as with Iraq, Blair stands guilty of a monumental political error. What is at stake is no less than the democratic wellbeing of one of western Europe's largest countries and, as a consequence, the health of the European polity.

· Martin Jacques is a senior visiting research fellow at the Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore

Martinjacques1@aol.com

Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2006

Friday, February 10, 2006

Berlusconi requires Olympian effort to keep his reputation on the rise


FOR weeks Silvio Berlusconi has hogged the airwaves, appearing on chat shows, football discussions and even traffic programmes.

That ends today when Parliament is dissolved and Italy’s election campaign — with its strict “equal time” provisions — officially begins.

Fortunately for the Italian Prime Minister, tonight is also the opening of the Winter Olympics in Turin. That should divert the electorate’s attention from his dismal record for another 16 days and, if the Games go well, make his depressed country feel a little better about itself. Equally, if the Games are disrupted by anti-globalisation demonstrations, he will not hesitate to blame the Left.

On paper, Signor Berlusconi should have little chance of defeating Romani Prodi, the former European Commission President to whom he lost an election in 1996. The economy is in the doldrums. His facelift, hair transplant and repeated gaffes have made him a figure of fun abroad. He has used his parliamentary majority to push through legislation to protect him from corruption charges, and to amend electoral law to favour his creaking centre-right coalition, which trails Signor Prodi’s centre-left alliance in every poll.

But Signor Berlusconi has become, against all odds, the first Italian prime minister since the Second World War to survive a full term, and nobody is writing off this irrepressible, perma-tanned media tycoon and former cruise ship entertainer.He has already written to the 600,000 babies born in Italy last year, reminding them that they received a €1,000 bonus, and signing off with “a big kiss from Silvio”.

He will repeat his 2001 election ploy by sending every household a second volume of his illustrated autobiography, and has promised — or threatened — to post a CD of his latest love songs as well.

Signor Berlusconi, 69, will spend the next two months criss-crossing the country in a private jet. His hope is that Italy will fall once again for his exuberance, a trait that Signor Prodi, his understated and professorial foe, singularly lacks.

Signor Berlusconi has good reason to divert attention from his record. In 2001, with typical flamboyance, he promised to use his entrepreneurial skills to revive the economy, and promised to quit politics if he reneged on five pledges. He vowed to lower taxes, cut crime, raise the basic pension, create jobs and fund 40 per cent of infrastructure projects listed in a ten-year plan.

But five years on, most Italians feel worse off. The economy has twice slipped into recession. The deficit is nearly 5 per cent of GDP, far above the eurozone limit. Growth has been close to zero. Italy ranks as the least competitive eurozone nation, with critics calling it “the sick man of Europe”.

Signor Prodi claims that his rival has honoured none of his five promises. Unabashed, Signor Berlusconi’s Forza Italia party has started Operation Truth, a campaign noting that some pensions have been raised, unemployment is down, and infrastructure projects such as the Venice flood barrier and the bridge linking Sicily to the mainland have begun.

Signor Berlusconi seeks to blame Italy’s economic woes on Signor Prodi, who as Prime Minister took Italy into the euro and, as European Commission President, opened up Europe to cheap foreign imports that have devastated some Italian industries, such as textiles.

Il Messaggero, the Rome daily, said this week that Signor Berlusconi had disappointed the country. “The liberalising revolution he promised — competition, deregulation, freedom of choice — is just an empty slogan,” it said. “Italy remains riddled with favouritism, cronyism and immobility.” The vote on April 9 will show how many Italians agree.

CHARM OR OFFENSIVE

Sept 2001 Said that Western civilisation was superior to Islam “because it has at its core freedom”. Islam was “stuck where it was 1,400 years ago”

Dec 2001 Told EU summit that Parma, not Helsinki, should host a new EU food safety agency because “Parma is synonymous with good cuisine. The Finns don’t even know what prosciutto is”

Feb 2002 At another EU summit made an Italian hand signal meaning “cuckold” behind the head of the Spanish Foreign Minister Josep Pique July 2003 Compared Martin Schultz, a left-wing German MEP, to a Nazi concentration camp guard as Italy took over the EU presidency

Aug 2003 Said Mussolini had been a benevolent leader. “Mussolini never killed anyone. Mussolini used to send people on vacation in internal exile”

Sept 2003 Told US businessmen they should invest in Italy because it has “beautiful secretaries — superb girls”

Jan 2004 Admitted to a facelift: “I only had my eyelids retouched slightly”

Aug 2004 Appeared with Tony Blair at his villa wearing a bandana to disguise a hair transplant

June 2005 Boasted he had used his “playboy” charms on Taria Halonen, the Finnish President, to ensure the food safety agency went to Parma

Dec 2005 Said Paolo Di Canio, the Lazio player, was a “good lad” whose repeated Fascist salutes to fans had “no political meaning”

Jan 2006 Pledged sexual abstinence until the election. Later claimed he was only joking

 

Monday, February 06, 2006

A Berlusconi victory would be as damaging as was Bush's

The Italian leader is not fit to hold high office, and activists worldwide should join to ensure his election defeat

Tristram Hunt
Monday February 6, 2006

Guardian

In typically vulgar style, Silvio Berlusconi committed himself last week to sexual abstinence until the Italian general election on April 9. Unfortunately, Mrs Berlusconi's well-earned break promises to come at the expense of European politics. For a determined Berlusconi could well win himself another term in office.

Some 15 months ago the global progressive community headed to America in a forlorn attempt to unseat President Bush. From Europe, Canada and Asia thousands of angry activists joined the Democrat campaign. Even the Guardian got in on the act by targeting the voters of Clark County, Ohio. Now, with greater effort, the same campaigning enthusiasm needs to be directed towards Italy - as with the US elections, as much for our sakes as for theirs.

In the run-up to the 2001 Italian poll, the Economist listed a litany of charges Berlusconi was under investigation for. Famously, the normally reserved magazine concluded he was "not fit to lead the government of any country, least of all one of the world's richest democracies". Although Berlusconi responded with a libel claim, which is so far unresolved, his record in office has only served to confirm their verdict.

Above all there has been the systematic abuse of the legislature for his own ends. Deploying his substantial majority in parliament, in 2003 he altered the law to give high-ranking state officials (such as the prime minister) legal exemptions. More recently, he has further attempted to cow prosecuting authorities with an attack on judicial independence. The usually pliant President Ciampi called the legislation "blatantly unconstitutional".

Berlusconi's serial misuse of the political system ranges from the parochial to the constitutional. He overhauled the planning system to cover up the environmental damage his gargantuan villa had inflicted on the Sardinian coastline. And six months before the April poll he introduced a wide-ranging series of electoral reforms. These would have the effect of denying the opposition an outright victory as well as returning Italy to the worst years of PR instability.

Yet he has always been more than just prime minister. In addition to holding executive power, he is a publisher, newspaper proprietor, football magnate, property developer, advertiser and, above all, television mogul.

Despite all the sweet talk before 2001 of divesting himself of conflicting interests, Berlusconi has tightened his control over the Italian media. Satirists have been driven off the airwaves, while his 90% control of television channels eliminates any pretence of political balance. In one 15-day period last month, Berlusconi enjoyed three hours and 16 minutes of airtime compared with his rival Romano Prodi's eight minutes.

Yet by far the most distasteful element of Berlusconi's governance is his sotto voce sympathy for neo-fascism. Among numerous gaffes during the EU presidency, perhaps the most startling was his comparison of a critical German MEP to a Nazi guard. It was all the stranger since, back in Italy, Berlusconi enthusiastically embraces the far right.

The neo-fascist National Alliance is a core component of his electoral coalition with its distasteful leader, Gianfranco Fini, serving as foreign minister. As a result, the government has recently announced plans to accord some of Italy's worst wartime fascist combatants the same honour as resistance fighters. Then there are the knowing political utterances that give a nod to the neo-fascist constituency - such as Berlusconi's description of footballer Paolo di Canio as "un bravo ragazzo" following his fascist salute to Lazio fans.

Should any of this concern us? Berlusconi's government might be unattractive, yet it is hardly likely to dictate our own politics in the same way as the American presidency. True. But this would be to ignore the growing geo-political influence of Italy, which, with Berlusconi at its helm, has rarely been deployed for the good. Leaving aside his ardour for neoconservative military adventurism and belief that western civilisation is "superior to Islam", Berlusconi's administration has serially hampered the EU's diplomatic agenda - not least in regard to human rights abuses in Chechnya and illegal Israeli actions in East Jerusalem.

So the left should be bold about intervening in this election: stretching back to the 19th century, liberal internationalism has long been the purview of European progressives. Presidents and prime ministers should not be surprised that with quickening economic and cultural globalisation there follows a desire for global political activism. More advantageously, in terms of British politics, unseating Berlusconi would also mean removing from temptation one of the more troubling characteristics of our own prime minister - his personal predilection for rightwing plutocrats.

However, April 2006 is already looking like November 2004. While Berlusconi might remain marginally behind in the polls, Prodi is starting to resemble John Kerry. His electoral coalition is mired in a banking fraud, and his capacity for indecision is assuming damaging proportions. When this is combined with Berlusconi's media manipulations and electoral gerrymandering, the results could be fatal.

British activists have a habit of obsessing over the minutiae of American politics. But the prospect of another Berlusconi government must focus attention on the vital importance of European politics. Committed progressives need to get involved now, and allow Mr and Mrs Berlusconi a return to full married life.

· Email: tristramhunt@btopenworld.com

Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2006
 
 
 

Thursday, February 02, 2006

Italy's election: no laughing matter

Geoff Andrews
1 - 2 - 2006
Silvio Berlusconi hopes that an intense media blitz will help sustain him in power, but Geoff Andrews finds that Italy's comic artists have other ideas.
------------------------------------------

The Italian general election, now set for 9 April 2006, will be one of the most important of the last sixty years. It will also be one of the dirtiest. Silvio Berlusconi, Italy's richest man and prime minister, is currently trailing by an average 6% in opinion polls – but he is not going to vacate Palazzo Chigi without a fight. Many believe that if Il Cavaliere were to lose the election he would face a surge of legal cases brought on grounds of alleged corruption and attempts to bribe judges. In power, Berlusconi has created his own architecture of parliamentary privilege and immunity; once defeated, this protection would slip away.

This is why he has been so belligerent in his attacks on the opposition. For the last five years he has sustained a consistent tirade against Jacobin judges, subversive intellectuals and communist conspirators. The television stations he controls have removed comedians from the airwaves, and his legal teams have dished out frequent writs to authors and critics on grounds of "defamation". In December, his Casa delle Libertà (House of Liberties) coalition even rushed through changes to the electoral system, in a bid to keep his unpopular government in power. Meanwhile, with massive media resources at his disposal, he has been able to taunt the opposition, while benefiting from meticulous coverage of his own achievements.

 

A fragile opposition

Berlusconi's latest attack, launched by one of his own newspapers, both questions the capabilities of the opposition and sets a rancorous tone for the campaign weeks ahead. Il Giornale published transcripts of a telephone conversation between Piero Fassino, the leader of the Democratici di Sinistra (Left Democrats / DS), Italy's biggest opposition party, and Giovanni Consorte, chairman of Unipol, an insurance company in the control of Italy's cooperative movement. Unipol had recently been involved in a takeover controversy that had led to the resignation of Antonio Fazio, the governor of Italy's central bank, after allegations of insider trading and abuse of office. In the recorded phone conversation Fassino tells Consorte (who is currently under investigation): "So then. We're the bosses of a bank".

Berlusconi's tactic here was to show that the centre-left was no different from his own government: that they, too, have trouble separating politics and business. To some extent this is a desperate act of a fading and discredited leader. After all, Berlusconi has not only become a joke around Europe, with one gaffe followed by another, but his claim that he would make ordinary Italians richer has also backfired. Those who were less concerned about his merits as a statesman than his prowess as a salesman have become disillusioned. As the Economist reported in November, Italy's economy is in a "long, slow decline".

Yet the Fassino affair has also exposed Italy's centre-left opposition as fragile, divided, and lacking political conviction. Many leaders, such as former prime minister Massimo D'Alema, were quick to defend Fassino, while others urged him to accept that he had made an error. Apart from creating more divisions within the leadership, the affair has cast doubt on whether the centre-left Unione can provide a credible alternative to Berlusconi. Its ability to project a distinctive alternative is not merely one of policy but whether it has the vision and courage to mobilise an increasingly disaffected electorate.

This is a long-lasting problem that can be traced to the centre-left l'Ulivo (Olive tree) government of 1996-2001, which lacked a clear idea of reform and – critically in light of later developments – failed to legislate against Berlusconi's "conflicts of interest". Intent on pursuing his mission of turning Italy into a "normal country", Massimo D'Alema wasted fruitless hours in negotiating with Berlusconi (then leader of the opposition) in a bicameral commission which would supposedly clear the way for a conventional two-party system, in which his own DS and Berlusconi's Forza Italia! would be the main players. In exchange for Berlusconi's cooperation, D'Alema agreed to curb the power of the judges.

In the event Berlusconi walked away from the negotiations, leaving D'Alema's reforms in tatters and his own interests untouched. Lessons don't seem to have been learned, however. Not only are murky deals evident once again, but misguided assumptions that normal rules can apply in the contemporary Italian case continue to pre-occupy centre-left leaders. One example is the attempt by Romano Prodi, Berlusconi's rival in the forthcoming election, to mould his disparate coalition of ex-communists, socialists and Christian democrats into a new Democratic Party.

More serious is the credibility afforded to Gianfranco Fini and his "post-fascist" Alleanza Nazionale (National Alliance) party. Antonio Polito, editor of the centre-left Riformista, has even compared Fini – Italy's foreign minister, and Berlusconi's likely successor as leader of the Italian right – to Tony Blair and John F Kennedy. True, foreign secretary Fini is a clever politician who has attempted to position his party alongside the mainstream European right. A closer look at the bigger picture, however, makes nonsense of this objective. Part of his party's role in government has been to rewrite the past by undermining the role of the anti-fascist resistance. The latest parliamentary bill, which honours soldiers who served in Mussolini's fascist republic of Saló with the same status as Italian partisans, follows changes to the school history curriculum and refusal to celebrate 25 April, Italy's national day of liberation from fascism.

A creative dissent

For a more intellectually honest and imaginative opposition capable of rousing civil society, we have to turn to Italy's artists, intellectuals and citizen movements. An early example of this was Nanni Moretti's intervention in February 2002, when he told a packed crowd in Piazza Navona that "we will never win" with the current crop of centre-left leaders seated behind him. This led to the Girotondi movement which has been crucial in keeping the bigger picture of Berlusconi's "conflicts of interest" on the political agenda.

If the big movements of 2002 – which, in addition to the Girotondi, included the workers' opposition to labour laws and the anti-global and peace movements – are not as strong as they were, then the most creative dissent continues to come from the theatres and piazzas. In early January 2006, the comedian Sabina Guzzanti hosted a convention in Rome of artists and citizens committed to an alternative television system. Teatro Ambra Jovinelli was packed as Italian's best known comedians one by one pledged their support for a new public-service TV station, free of censorship and no longer monopolised by either Berlusconi's own Mediaset or RAI, the public broadcaster which had long been under the control of politicians, even before Berlusconi took power.

Guzzanti knows something about censorship. In 2003, her satirical programme Raiot (pronounced riot) was taken off the air after only one episode after her employers at RAI 3 were worried by Mediaset's complaint of "lies and extremely serious insinuations". For the next programme, Guzzanti was forced to retreat to a Rome theatre.

 

In 2005, however, she responded with her film, Viva Zapatero!, a political, Michael-Moore-like documentary, in which she tells her personal story of censorship in the context of the wider eradication of civil liberties in Italy. The film shows her interviewing members of the government as well as comedians from other countries. It won a fifteen-minute standing ovation at the Venice film festival and has had a wide viewing in Italy.

Italy's most popular comedian, Beppe Grillo, who has also had to find other ways to work, recently started a "clean up parliament" campaign, in which he named twenty-three Italian politicians who had been convicted of criminal offences. This appeared as a full-page advertisement in the International Herald Tribune, with Grillo asking if there is "another state in the world in which 23 members of parliament have been convicted of a variety of crimes and yet are allowed to sit in parliament and represent their citizens?" His remarkably successful blog has become an innovative vehicle of dissent.

Such creative forms of political intervention are occasionally accompanied by the irruption of artists into the electoral field itself: the dramatist and Nobel laureate Dario Fo's effort to win the centre-left candidature for the mayoralty of Milan is the most recent example. More significant than such campaigns is that the comedians have breathed new life into Italy's ailing body politic. This is because they have gone where politicians fear and, in their own way, have asked the right questions.

"Bin Laden can get on TV but I can't", as the subtitle of Daniele Luttazzi's DVD put it. When Italy was ranked fifty-third in a worldwide index of media freedom, Sabina Guzzanti asked her audience: "Did you hear anything about that in the news? But then again, if you had we would not be ranked fifty-third, would we?" It is too early to say who will have the last laugh on 9 April, but Italy's centre-left will have to do more than wait for Berlusconi to make his next gaffe.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Tuesday, January 31, 2006

Il tuo gatto si annoia? Rischi anche il carcere

Pronto il decalogo per i felini: obbligatoria la «stimolazione mentale»
 
 
La Gran Bretagna si appresta a varare una legge per il benessere degli animali. Con regole di condotta specifiche per ogni specie
 
 
 
Un gatto gioca nella neve nel nord della Spagna (Ansa)
LONDRA (Regno Unito) -
Forse non si arriverà ad insegnare loro le regole del sudoku, come ironizza la vignetta di Pugh sull'edizione di lunedì del Times. Ma l'obbligo di provvedere alla giusta «stimolazione mentale» dei propri amici a quattro zampe rischia di mettere in crisi più di uno dei circa dieci milioni di proprietari di gatti del Regno Unito. Che presto si vedranno recapitare a casa un nuovo codice di condotta che imporrà loro una serie di obblighi e di doveri, la disapplicazione dei quali comporterà denunce penali, multe fino a 20 mila sterline e, nei casi più gravi, anche il carcere fino a 51 settimane.
Humphrey il gatto di Tony Blair (Ap)
WELFARE PER ANIMALI -
Il provvedimento è attualmente allo studio del Defra (il Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, vale a dire il ministero dell'ambiente britannico) ed è il primo di una serie di decaloghi che riguarderanno via via tutte le specie di animali domestici. Dopo i gatti toccherà ai cani (8 milioni di proprietari tra i sudditi di Sua Maestà) e i conigli, che nel Regno Unito sono considerati - da almeno un milione di persone - validi compagni di vita e non certo pietanze da accompagnare con funghi o polenta. I nuovi codici rientrano nelle norme di applicazione della legge sul benessere degli animali, l'Animal Welfare Bill, attualmente alle battute finali in parlamento.
Un gatto osserva la neve sulla "veranda" della sua cuccia a Lublin, in Polonia (Ansa)
IN CASA DOPO CAROSELLO -
Il Times ha anticipato alcuni dei contenuti del decalogo per i gatti che prevede per i proprietari norme di comportamento molto rigide. Ad esempio non sarà più possibile dotarsi di uno sportello basculante sulla porta o sul lucernario per consentire al micio di andare e venire quando vuole: almeno di notte Fuffy and co. dovranno essere custoditi in casa. E questo per proteggere loro stessi ma anche la «fauna selvaggia locale», presumibilmenete topi e passerotti che attardandosi per vicoli e tetti dopo il tramonto rischiano di diventare facili prede.
MAI PIU' IN SOVRAPPESO - Tuttavia, quello alla caccia è riconosciuto anche come un diritto dei felini che per questo devono essere dotati di palline e giochi ad hoc che ne stimolino l'indole predatriece, come ad esempio le canne da pesca: l'inseguimento dell'«esca» che penzola all'estremità e che il proprietario provvede a muovere e ad allontanare consente al gatto di mettersi in posizione, puntare e infine saltare nel tentativo di agguantarla. Una bella ginnastica, seppure tra le mura di casa. Del resto tra gli obblighi dei proprietari è stato previsto anche il controllo
(Reuters)
della linea del proprio animale: è fatto divieto assoluto di tenerlo sovrappeso e sarà indispensabile conoscere il peso forma ideale per ogni fase della sua vita. Un po' di moto all'inseguimento di pesciolini di gomma, quindi, non potrà che fargli bene.
PRIVACY E TANA ANTI-BIMBI - Al gatto dovrà poi essere garantita la giusta privacy: vanno previste nella casa aree sicure dove si possa nascondere, una sorta di tana (è sufficiente anche un davanzale sufficientemente alto su cui saltare) per mettersi al riparo dai bambini troppo irruenti o da eventuali altri animali di casa. Ma per i mici dovranno essere previsti anche angoli più riservati dove posizionare la lettiera per i bisogni quotidiani. E' annunciato anche un supplemento del codice con una sorta di guida su «Come andare alla toilette».
Tante attenzioni per questo micio in gara ad una fiera internazionale (Ansa)
GIOCHI CONTRO LA DEPRESSIONE -
E infine il passaggio che più farà sorridere: provvedere affinché i gatti abbiano sufficiente «stimolazione mentale» e non diventino annoiati, frustrati o, peggio, cadano in depressione. Vale a dire: non lasciarli troppo soli in casa e, soprattutto, fornirli di giochi e passatempi che consentano loro di svagarsi e, se possibile, di ingegnarsi. Una volta era sufficiente il classico gomitolo di lana; chissà che a qualcuno non venga ora in mente di mettere a disposizione di Kitty anche i ferri per lavorare a maglia.
LA «PET POLICE» - I codici, una volta pronti, saranno tradotti in pamphlet distribuiti negli studi di veterinari, nei negozi per animali, in canili e gattili e diffusi attraverso la rete sui siti specializzati. Affinché non si tratti solo dell'ennesimo elenco di istruzioni per l'uso poi puntualmente disattese, la legge prevede l'istituzione di una pet police costituita da dipendenti comunali che avranno il potere di accedere alle abitazioni per controllare le condizioni di vita degli animali. Si tratta di un cambiamento radicale rispetto all'attuale legislazione che impone ai giudici di dimostrare che vi sia un effettivo maltrattamento degli animali prima di poter emettere provvedimenti contro i proprietari inadeguati. Ora sarà sufficiente che i quattrozampe non vivano in condizioni di benessere.
CUCCIOLI VIETATI AI MINORI - La legge ha un sostegno trasversale ed è previsto che torni alla Camera dei Comuni a marzo. Sarà abbinata ad altre norme, come ad esempio il divieto di tagliare code o orecchie, già adottato in diversi altri Paesi, tra i quali non c'è l'Italia (un primo tentativo lo ha fatto il solo comune di Milano). L'Animal Welfare Bill prevede anche il divieto di vendere o di cedere come premio animali a ragazzi con meno di 16 anni. Non sono però stati previsti divieti per gli animali nei circhi, che saranno oggetto di provvedimenti successivi, e neppure una regolamentazione di pratiche come il tiro a volo perché il manifesto rurale del governo prevede «la protezione degli sport di campagna»: il Defra assicura tuttavia che sarà predisposto uno specifico codice: «Per assicurare che siano rispettati alti standard di benessere nella produzione di uccelli per giochi da sparo».
Alessandro Sala
31 gennaio 2006
 
 

Thursday, January 12, 2006

Riposare "fa male" alla mente, meno lucida dopo il sonno ristoratore

  Foto d'archivio


 
 

ROMA - Un buon sonno per riposare la mente stanca? Non è proprio così. Il cervello è più attivo e lucido se si sta in piedi da 24 ore o, paradossalmente, dopo aver alzato un pò il gomito, piuttosto che appena scesi dal letto. Almeno secondo un gruppo di scienziati dell’università del Colorado. Il momento critico dovuto al torpore, sostengono, dura tre minuti. Ma gli effetti per la mente possono farsi sentire fino a due ore dopo.

La ricerca, pubblicata sul ‘Journal of the American Medical Association’, si e’ basata sul monitoraggio dell’abilità mentale di un piccolo gruppo di persone (nove) dopo otto ore di sonno. Gli scienziati hanno verificato che, appena svegli, i soggetti mostravano alcuni problemi di memoria a breve termine, difficoltà nel calcolo e nelle abilità cognitive in generale. Il torpore del risveglio, sottolineano, può farsi sentire anche fino a due ore dopo essersi alzati, ed è paragonabile allo stato confusionale tipico di una ‘sbronza’. Il pensiero, continua la ricerca, va ovviamente a tutte quelle persone, come medici, infermieri e vigili del fuoco, che lavorano di notte e si trovano ad affrontare un’emergenza, magari dopo essere stati svegliati bruscamente. “In questo modo- dichiara Kenneth Wright, capo del team - mettono in pericolo loro stessi e gli altri”. Questa sorta di ‘’rallentamento’ mentale, concludono gli scienziati, potrebbe dipendere dal tempo necessario ad alcune zone del cervello per ‘svegliarsi’ del tutto. Il consiglio? Non fare assolutamente nulla almeno per i primi 15-30 minuti dopo il suono della sveglia.


 
 
articolo pubblicato il 11/01/2006 17:48 -
 
 

What is the environmental impact of electric cars?

https://eeb.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/230201_Factsheet_Environmental_Impact_electric_cars_FINAL.pdf